Dalmatia - Wikipedia. Dalmatia (Croatian: Dalmacija, . The hinterland (Dalmatian Zagora) ranges in width from fifty kilometres in the north, to just a few kilometres in the south; it is mostly covered by the rugged Dinaric Mountains. Dalmatia) being Bra. Island of Krk offers great choice of different diving positions. There is more than 10 diving centers on the island. For scuba diving in Croatia you need to have a. Get information, facts, and pictures about Croatia at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about Croatia easy with credible articles from our. Inspirations Travel & Tours specialising in holiday packages and tours to the Mediterranean, North African, Middle Eastern and Scandinavian countries. The largest city is Split, followed by Zadar, Dubrovnik, and . Later it became a Roman province, and as result a Romance culture emerged, along with the now- extinct Dalmatian language, later largely replaced with related Venetian. With the arrival of Croats to the area in the 8th century, who occupied most of the hinterland, Croatian and Romance elements began to intermix in language and the culture. During the Middle Ages, its cities were often conquered by, or switched allegiance to, the kingdoms of the region. The longest- lasting rule was the one of the Republic of Venice, which controlled most of Dalmatia between 1. By using the website www.croatia.hr, you agree to the use of cookies. By blocking cookies, you can still browse the site, but some of its functionality will not be. Dalmatia (Croatian: Dalmacija, Fortunately, the Dubrovnik Port Authority, publishes a monthly schedule of cruise ship arrivals and departures, listing the cruise ships and the exact number of. Republic of Ragusa (1. Between 1. 81. 5 and 1. Austrian Empire known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia. After the Austro- Hungarian defeat in World War I, Dalmatia was split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes which controlled most of it, and the Kingdom of Italy which held several smaller parts, and after World War II, SFR Yugoslavia took control over the complete area. The name Dalmatia derives from the name of the Dalmatae tribe, which is connected with the Illyrian word delme meaning . In Venetian language, once dominant in the area, it is spelled Dalm. The modern Croatian (Croatian) spelling is Dalmacija, pronounced . Its exact extent is therefore uncertain and subject to public perception. According to Lena Miro. Simultaneously, the southern part of Lika and upper Pounje, which were not a part of Austrian Dalmatia, became a part of Zadar County. From the present- day administrative and territorial point of view, Dalmatia comprises the four Croatian littoral counties with seats in Zadar, . However, due to territorial and administrative changes over the past century, the perception can be seen to have altered somewhat with regard to certain areas, and sources conflict as to their being part of the region in modern times: The Bay of Kotor area in Montenegro. With the subdivision of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia into oblasts in 1. Bay of Kotor from Sutorina to Sutomore was granted to the Zeta Oblast, so that the border of Dalmatia was formed at that point by the southern border of the former Republic of Ragusa. A number of sources express the view that . It also excludes the northern part of the island of Pag, which is part of the Lika- Senj County. However, it includes the Gra. The urban families of the coastal cities, sometimes known as Fetivi. The two are together distinct, in the Mediterranean aspects of their culture, from the more numerous inhabitants of the Zagora, the hinterland, referred to (sometimes derogatorily) as the Vlaji. Their presence, relative to those identifying as Croats, decreased dramatically over the course of the 1. The Italian speakers constituted (according to the Italian linguist Bartoli) nearly one third of Dalmatians in the second half of the 1. On the coasts the climate is Mediterranean, while further inland it is moderate Mediterranean. In the mountains, winters are frosty and snowy, while summers are hot and dry. To the south winters are milder. Over the centuries many forests have been cut down and replaced with bush and brush. There is evergreen vegetation on the coast. The soils are generally poor, except on the plains where areas with natural grass, fertile soils and warm summers provide an opportunity for tillage. Elsewhere, land cultivation is mostly unsuccessful because of the mountains, hot summers and poor soils, although olives and grapes flourish. Energy resources are scarce. Electricity is mainly produced by hydropower stations. There is a considerable amount of bauxite. The regional geographical unit of historical Dalmatia. In present- day Dalmatia, the highest peak is Dinara (1. Dinaric mountains are on Biokovo (Sv. Jure, 1. 76. 2 m) and Velebit (Vaganski vrh, 1. The major rivers are Zrmanja, Krka, Cetina and Neretva. The Adriatic Sea's high water quality. Dalmatia also includes several national parks that are tourist attractions: Paklenicakarst river, Kornatiarchipelago, Krka river rapids and Mljet island. Administrative division. It was part of the Illyrian Kingdom between the 4th century BC and the Illyrian Wars (2. BC) when the Roman Republic established its protectorate south of the river Neretva. In 9 AD the Dalmatians raised the last in a series of revolts. However, analysis of archaeological material from that period has shown that the process of romanization was rather selective. While urban centers, both coastal and inland, were almost completely romanized, the situation in the countryside was completely different. Despite the Illyrians being subject to a strong process of acculturation, they continued to speak their native language, worship their own gods and traditions, and follow their own social- political tribal organization which was adapted to Roman administration and political structure only in some necessities. They ruled Dalmatia from 4. AD, when it was restored to the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire by Justinian I. Dalmatia at the time consisted of the coastal cities functioning much like city- states, with extensive autonomy, but in mutual conflict and without control of the rural hinterland (the Zagora). Ethnically, Dalmatia started out as a Roman region, with a romance culture that began to develop independently, forming the now- extinct Dalmatian language. In the Early Medieval period, Byzantine Dalmatia was ravaged by an Avar invasion that destroyed its capital, Salona, in 6. AD, an event that allowed for the settlement of the nearby Diocletian's Palace in Spalatum (Split) by Salonitans, greatly increasing the importance of the city. The Avars were followed by the great South Slavic migrations. The Croats soon formed their own realm: the Principality of Dalmatian Croatia ruled by native Princes of Guduscan origin. The meaning of the geographical term . These cities and towns remained influential as they were well fortified and maintained their connection with the Byzantine Empire. The two communities were somewhat hostile at first, but as the Croats became Christianized this tension increasingly subsided. A degree of cultural mingling soon took place, in some enclaves stronger, in others weaker, as Slavic influence and culture was more accentuated in Ragusa, Spalatum, and Tragurium. In about 9. 25 AD, Duke Tomislav was crowned, establishing the Kingdom of Croatia, and extending his influence further southwards to Zachlumia. Being an ally of the Byzantine Empire, the King was given the status of Protector of Dalmatia, and became its de facto ruler. In the High Medieval period, the Byzantine Empire was no longer able to maintain its power consistently in Dalmatia, and was finally rendered impotent so far west by the Fourth Crusade in 1. The Venetian Republic, on the other hand, was in the ascendant, while the Kingdom of Croatia became increasingly influenced by Hungary to the north, being absorbed into it via personal union in 1. Thus, these two factions became involved in a struggle in this area, intermittently controlling it as the balance shifted. During the reign of King Emeric, the Dalmatian cities separated from Hungary by a treaty. The Mongols severely impaired the feudal state, so much so that that same year, King B. The Mongols attacked the Dalmatian cities for the next few years but eventually withdrew without major success. In 1. 38. 9 Tvrtko I, the founder of the Bosnian Kingdom, was able to control the Adriatic littoral between Kotor and . This was only temporary, as Hungary and the Venetians continued their struggle over Dalmatia after Tvrtko's death in 1. By this time, the whole Hungarian and Croatian Kingdom was facing increasing internal difficulties, as a 2. Capetian House of Anjou from the Kingdom of Naples, and King Sigismund of the House of Luxembourg. During the war, the losing contender, Ladislaus of Naples, sold his . The much more centralized Republic came to control all of Dalmatia by the year 1. Venetian rule for 3. Venetian was the commercial lingua franca in the Mediterranean at that time, and it heavily influenced Dalmatian and to a lesser degree coastal Croatian and Albanian. The southern city of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) became de facto independent in 1. Treaty of Zadar when Venice relinquished its suzerainty over it to Louis I of Hungary. In 1. 48. 1, Ragusa switched allegiance to the Ottoman Empire. This gave its tradesmen advantages such as access to the Black Sea, and the Republic of Ragusa was the fiercest competitor to Venice's merchants in the 1. The Republic of Venice was also one of the powers most hostile to the Ottoman Empire's expansion, and participated in many wars against it. As the Ottomans took control of the hinterland, many Christians took refuge in the coastal cities of Dalmatia. The border between the Dalmatian hinterland and the Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina greatly fluctuated until the Morean War, when the Venetian capture of Knin and Sinj set much of the borderline at its current position. This period was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1. Napoleon's troops stormed the region and ended the independence of the Republic of Ragusa as well, but saving it from occupation by the Russian Empire and Montenegro. In 1. 80. 5, Napoleon created his Kingdom of Italy around the Adriatic Sea, annexing to it the former Venetian Dalmatia from Istria to Kotor. In 1. 80. 8 he annexed to this Italian Kingdom the just conquered Republic of Ragusa. A year later in 1. Venetian Dalmatia from his Kingdom of Italy and created the Illyrian Provinces, which were annexed to France, and created his marshal Nicolas Soult. Duke of Dalmatia. Napoleon's rule in Dalmatia was marked with war and high taxation, which caused several rebellions.
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